Exclusive Institutions in Zimbabwe

The political institutions in Zimbabwe should not be considered inclusive.  Acemoglu and Robinson describe inclusive institutions as those that encourage participation by the great mass of people.

In Zimbabwe, elections were recently held, but these elections are similar to all recent elections in Zimbabwe: they are not free and open. 

Somehow, the "President," Robert Mugabe has won yet again.  As the Business Day Live reports:

Mr Mugabe was declared the resounding winner of the vote, extending his 33 year-rule by a further five years...

But this report from Policymic claims what many others have felt. That is that the results are due to a combination of rigged ballots and military threats.